Juniper Hall (formerly Ormond House) – 1 Ormond Street / Oxford Street – Paddington – NSW

Built 1824–1825 · Builder/designer Robert Cooper (emancipist; no named architect) · Standing — Moran Arts Foundation exhibition house (National Trust freehold; long lease)

On the Oxford Street ridge — before the terraces, before Victoria Barracks filled the paddocks — emancipist gin-distiller Robert Cooper raised a two-storey Georgian villa and named it for the juniper berry and for Juniper Street in London. Attorney-General John Kinchela later called it Ormonde / Ormond House. Destitute children, a children’s court, flats behind Oxford Street shops, a National Trust rescue, and Moran exhibitions have all passed through these rooms. The house still stands. The gin joke became a Paddington landmark.

At a glance

Address: 1 Ormond Street, Paddington NSW 2021 (Oxford Street frontage; Woollahra LGA)
Built: 1824–1825 (Cooper “at present building” June 1824; occupied by April 1829 — SHR / DoS)
Architect: None documented — Cooper himself capable of the simple design with tradesmen (SHR)
Style: Old Colonial Georgian / early suburban villa — stuccoed brick on sandstone base; fanlight; shutters; basement kitchen/cellar; attic
Original owner: Robert Cooper (1776–1857), emancipist distiller, with third wife Sarah May
Estate: Part of c.100-acre joint grant with James Underwood & Francis Ewen Forbes (c.1818); partners agreed three acres each for houses; only Juniper Hall of the three mansions rose (DoS / SHR)
Heritage: NSW State Heritage Register #00268 (2 April 1999); former Permanent Conservation Order 16 Dec 1983; Register of the National Estate (21 Mar 1978); Woollahra LEP
Fate / current use: Standing — Moran Arts Foundation exhibition venue / Moran Prizes HQ under long lease; National Trust of Australia (NSW) freehold noted on SHR owner field

Site & setting

Gadigal Country on the Paddington ridge. Cooper’s house sat alone on South Head Road (later Oxford Street) with attic views toward Rushcutters Bay and Botany Bay — “one of the largest private houses in Sydney” at construction (SHR citing Griffin & Brown). The ridge elevation is recorded as about 61 m above harbour and bay (SHR / ACNT).

The partnership distillery scheme at Cascade Street / Taylor Square dissolved within about a year; Cooper kept his plot. Later nineteenth-century subdivision (Begg estates 1878) wrapped terraces around the villa. A row of six shops built on the Oxford Street garden frontage in 1921–24 buried the façade until National Trust restoration demolished the shops and reinstated a c.1900 garden scheme in 1987–88 (SHR).

Today Juniper Hall reads again from Oxford Street opposite the Paddington civic precinct (Town Hall / Reservoir / Post Office), with Ormond Street on the side.

Timeline

Oct 1813 – Robert Cooper arrives NSW in Earl Spencer (transported for receiving stolen goods, Old Bailey Oct 1812); conditional pardon Jan 1818 (ADB).
c.1818 – Joint grant with Underwood & Forbes; legal distillery partnership; three-acre house lots agreed (DoS).
Jun 1824 – 1825 – Juniper Hall building / completion (SHR construction years 1824–1825).
1831–1838 – Cooper family in England; lease to Attorney-General John Kinchela, who renames Ormonde / Ormond House for the Marquis of Ormonde (DoS).
1838 – Coopers return; 1830s “fashionable improvements” noted (SHR).
1843 – Cooper stands for first partly elective Legislative Council; comes last (DoS / ADB context).
1848–49 – Mortgage / bankruptcy; house leased again (DoS).
1852–1858 – Society for the Relief of Destitute Children (up to ~130 children) (DoS).
25 May 1857 – Robert Cooper dies Paddington (ADB); Sarah returns 1858; dies 1863 after refurbishment (DoS).
1868–1885 – Leases: NSW Institution for the Deaf and Dumb (1868–72); ladies’ college (1873–79); Children’s Relief Board receiving house (1884–85) (DoS).
1885 – Colonial government purchases for £5,800; Metropolitan Shelter / Children’s Court additions 1891–92; government ownership to 1921 (DoS / SHR).
1921 – Sold to shoemaker Joe Gardiner; flats + six Oxford Street shops after public outcry blocks full demolition (DoS / SHR).
c.1945+ – Elizabeth Randall / Avrom era; house again known as Juniper Hall (SHR).
1981–83 – Interim then Permanent Conservation Order (#00268).
1984–88 – National Trust purchase with State dollar-for-dollar grant ($750,000 basis); Clive Lucas Stapleton restoration; shops removed; garden reinstated for Bicentenary (SHR / DoS).
2012 – 99-year lease sold (~$4.551m) to Moran family / Juniper Hall Pty Ltd — Moran Arts Foundation exhibitions (SHR / SMH Domain reporting cited on SHR).
Today – Exhibition house for Moran Prizes and related shows (confirm opening at Moran Arts).

Architecture

Two storeys plus basement and attic: four large rooms per main floor, kitchen in basement, coach-house / stables / servants’ quarters to the rear (DoS). SHR: double central front door with grand fanlight and fluted columns; small-paned shuttered windows; cedar joinery and bannisters to the attic; fabric substantially intact from the first half of the nineteenth century, showing 1830s fashion updates on an earlier house. Eastern government wing of the 1890s is sympathetic and substantial (SHR assessment).

Not a Verge villa — SHR notes it lacks Verge’s elegance but follows Georgian fashion of its day. Rarity among survivors: built by an emancipist (SHR criterion f).

People

Robert Cooper — London publican (White Swan, Ratcliffe Highway; Piccadilly house), convicted receiver / self-described smuggler, transported 1813, conditional pardon 1818, then shopkeeper, distiller, brewer, miller, cedar-cutter, Bank of NSW shareholder (ADB). DoS tradition: promised third wife Sarah “the finest house in all the colony.” Naming: juniper for gin + London Juniper Street.

John Kinchela — Irish Attorney-General; Ormonde patronage memorialised in the house and street name (final spelling Ormond).

Institutional decades turned the gin villa into Sydney’s child-welfare machinery — Destitute Children’s Society, then State Children’s Relief Board receiving house and NSW’s first Children’s Court premises (SHR / DoS).

Moran connection: SHR notes family descent from Robert and Sarah Cooper via Greta Moran; portfolio also includes Swifts (Darling Point).

Gallery

Juniper Hall, also known as Ormond House is a heritage listed former residence and childrens home , & now a retail building

It was built from 1824 - 1825 by Robert Cooper. The two storey, old colonial Georgian house was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2nd April 1999

Juniper Hall was originally the home of Robert Cooper, a gin distiller. He apparently the designed the house himself and had it built in 1825, including a cellar & an attic

Unlike most Georgian homes it features an upstairs balcony, which looks out onto Oxford Street. as time went by, Juniper Hall became hidden behind a row of commerical buildings on Oxford Street . A Restoration project was undertaken by the National Trust Of Australia, in which the commerial buildings were demolished so Juniper Hall could be seen clearly, & it was fully restored in 1988

It's hard to imagine that in 1822 Juniper Hall, on the eastern side of Oxford Street opposite the Paddington Reservoir, & Paddington Town Hall stood alone without the many neighbours it has today.

Set in a flagged garden, it had attic windows that gave panoramic views to Rushcutters Bay & Botany Bay

Robert Cooper, who was partners with James Underwood and Francis Ewen Forbes, received 40 Hectares (100 Acres) from Governor Brisbane in 1818, covering the whole north of Paddington & they agreed to erect 3 mansions & a distillery there.

As part of their agreement, the three partners agreed to each take three acres for the erection of their own homes. Cooper bought out his partners and only Juniper Hall was built

Emancipist Robert Cooper (1776-1857) had lived a varied life as a gin distiller, architect, builder, cedar cutter & wealthy London Publican. He was transported to New South Wales in 1813 and granted a conditional pardon in 1818.

By then, he was eager to put down roots in the infant settlement having joined in a partnership with Underwood & Forbes

Together with his third wife Sarah May, he built a house big enough to cope with 14 children (reputed to have 20 by the time he died)

He built the large 2 Storey house on a large block elevated 61 metres (200ft) above Sydney Harbour & Botany Bay.

In June 1824 Cooper claimed that he was at present building Juniper Hall. Cooper is said to have promised Sarah his third wife that they would have the finest house in all the colony.

No architect is known to be associated with the building, but Cooper himself was a part time builder and perfectly capable

He built the 2 Storey Victorian Georgian building with a basement. Four large rooms occupied each floor, while the basement contained the kitchen. To The Rear was a coach house, stables & servants quarters. He named his new Home Juniper Hall, after the juniper berry used in Gins Distillation

Cooper left Australia in 1831 with his wife and children for England and he let the house to John Kinchela, an Irish Lawyer who had arrived in June 1831 to take up the post of Attorney General in the colony. Kinchela named the house Ormond House until 1838 when the Cooper family moved back in.

During the 1840's Cooper made an attempt to enter politics, standing for the first partially elected New South Wales Legislative Council in 1843. He failed Disastrously coming last on the ballot

In 1849 he was declared bankrupt and forced to leave his house mortgaging Ormond House in July 1848.

After the Coopers left, the house was named Ormond House to disassociate itself from the Gin image & passed through many hands.

In mAY 1852 the land was leased to A H H Stephen. He was a founding secratary of the Society for the relief of Destitute Children. Up to 130 children called Ormond House home during this time.

Robert Cooper died in 1857, & in 1858 Sarah Cooper moved back into the house. Before she died in 1863, she refurbished the house. On her death it passed to her Trustees, who in turn leased it to Charitable and Educational Organisations.

In 1885 the Government purchased the property, and remained in Government ownership for 40 years. It became New South Wale's first Childrens Court.

In 1921 Joe Gardner, the shoe manufacturer purchased the property for demolition and redevelopment as flats & shops. There was such a Public Outcry that he changed his mind and turned the house in flats and a row of six shops. When Gardener went bankrupt it was sold again.

Juniper Halls front garden was reinstated, aiming to show its appearance as it was in 1900. This was done by the National Trust

The former Superintendant's garden on the eastern side was recreated with the roundel reinstated in its centre

Juniper Hall from this time on was owned by the National Trust. The Perimeter fence was rebuilt using iron picket instead of the corrugated iron lap and cap

The property was put on the market in 2012 and sold for $4.55 Million to the Moran family.